What term refers to microorganisms that cause illness?

The term that refers to microorganisms capable of causing illness is "Pathogens." Pathogens include various types of organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi, that can lead to diseases in humans when they enter the body. Understanding that pathogens are the specific class of microorganisms that can trigger illness is crucial for food safety and public health.

While bacteria are a type of pathogen and are often associated with foodborne illnesses, they do not encompass all microorganisms that can cause disease. Toxins are harmful substances produced by some pathogens or other sources but do not refer specifically to the microorganisms themselves. The term "microbes" is a broad category that includes bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms, not all of which are harmful. Recognizing pathogens as the category that specifically includes illness-causing microorganisms is key for effective food handling and safety practices.